Trong ky nguyen chuyen doi so, su on dinh cua he thong mang noi bo (LAN) quyet dinh truc tiep den hieu suat lam viec cua moi doanh nghiep. Tuy nhien, van co nhieu nham lan giua cac thiet bi mang co ban nhu Modem, Router va Switch. Vay chinh xac Switch la gi va tai sao no duoc vi nhu "xuong song" dieu phoi luong du lieu trong ha tang vien thong?

Bai viet duoi day se phan tich khai niem nay duoi goc do ky thuat chuyen sau nhung de hieu nhat.

Khai niem Switch la gi?

Hieu mot cach chinh xac nhat ve mat ky thuat, Switch (hay con goi la thiet bi chuyen mach) la mot thiet bi mang thong minh hoat dong chu yeu o Lop 2 (Data Link Layer) trong mo hinh OSI.

Nhiem vu cot loi cua Switch la ket noi cac thiet bi dau cuoi nhu may tinh (PC), may in, camera IP, Access Point,... lai voi nhau de tao thanh mot mang cuc bo (LAN). Khac voi cac thiet bi ket noi tho so the he cu, Switch co kha nang nhan biet thiet bi nao dang ket noi voi cong nao de truyen du lieu mot cach chinh xac va bao mat.

Su khac biet tao nen suc manh cua Switch

De hieu ro Switch la gi, chung ta can phan biet no voi Hub. Neu Hub hoat dong nhu mot "nguoi dua tin kho khao" – nhan du lieu tu mot cong va day ra tat ca cac cong con lai gay tac nghen (broadcast storm), thi Switch lai hoat dong nhu mot "canh sat giao thong" chuyen nghiep.

Switch su dung bang dia chi MAC (MAC Address Table) de ghi nho dia chi vat ly cua tung thiet bi. Khi mot goi tin du lieu duoc gui di, Switch se kiem tra dich den va chi mo cong ket noi cho duy nhat thiet bi nhan. Co che nay giup:

Loai bo xung dot du lieu (Collision Domain): Giup duong truyen thong suot.

Toi uu hoa bang thong: Dam bao toc do mang luon dat muc toi da theo chuan thiet ke (Gigabit hoac 10GbE).

Tang cuong bao mat: Du lieu khong bi ro ri sang cac thiet bi khong lien quan.

Cac loai Switch pho bien tren thi truong

Tuy thuoc vao quy mo va nhu cau quan tri, Switch duoc chia thanh hai nhom chinh:

Switch Unmanaged (Khong quan ly): Loai nay thuong dung cho gia dinh hoac van phong nho. Dac diem la "Plug & Play" (Cam la chay), khong can cau hinh phuc tap nhung khong co cac tinh nang can thiep sau.

Switch Managed (Co quan ly): Danh cho cac he thong chuyen nghiep. Dong nay cho phep quan tri vien cau hinh VLAN (mang LAN ao), QoS (uu tien bang thong), va bao mat cong (Port Security). Day la yeu to song con de quan ly mot he thong mang phuc tap.

Ngoai ra, hien nay cong nghe Switch PoE (Power over Ethernet) dang tro thanh xu huong khi vua truyen du lieu, vua cap nguon cho thiet bi tren cung mot day cap, giup don gian hoa viec thi cong Camera va Wifi.

Tai sao doanh nghiep bat buoc phai dau tu Switch chat luong?

Dau tu vao Switch khong chi la viec mo rong so luong cong ket noi. Mot thiet bi Switch chat luong cao giup doanh nghiep duy tri su on dinh 24/7, giam thieu do tre (latency) trong cac cuoc hop truc tuyen va bao ve du lieu noi bo truoc cac nguy co tan cong tu ben trong mang.

Tom lai, hieu ro Switch la gi la buoc dau tien de xay dung mot he thong mang vung chac. Du ban la nguoi dung ca nhan hay quan tri vien he thong, viec lua chon dung loai Switch se giup toi uu hoa chi phi va nang cao hieu qua van hanh lau dai.

VTXVN tu hao la don vi hang dau tai Ha Noi chuyen phan phoi cac thiet bi mang, he thong thoai va ha tang vien thong chinh hang. Voi nen tang tren 10 nam kinh doanh va tich luy kinh nghiem thuc chien, chung toi da khang dinh duoc vi the vung chac tren thi truong. Tinh den nay, VTXVN da nhan duoc su tin tuong va dong hanh cua hon 10.000 khach hang tren toan quoc, minh chung cho chat luong dich vu va san pham vuot troi ma chung toi cung cap.